时态和时间线

对许多将英语作为第二语言来学习的人来说,时态是一个令人困惑的话题。在下面的信息中,我尽量用简单的语言回答“什么是时态?”、“我如何改变动词的时态?”、“我该在什么时候使用动词的不同时态?”以及“为什么需要使用某个特定的时态?”,并指出其中的要点。
这些信息的描述并不穷尽,但是可以作为指南帮助你理解基本知识。

什么是时态?怎样使用时态?

下面是一些拆分后的句子成分,解释了英语中什么是时态,以及怎么根据时态改变动词的形态。

一般时

Subject + Verb (past form)
例如: I jumpedHe taught

进行时

Subject + to be (verb, past form) + verb + ing
例如: I was jumpingHe was teaching

完成时

Subject + to have(verb,
past form) + Verb (past participle)
例如: I had jumped He had taught

一般时

Subject + verb

Example: I jump or He teaches

进行时

Subject + to be(verb) + verb + ing

Example: I am jumping or He is teaching

完成时

Subject + to have(verb) + Verb (past participle)

Example: I have jumped or He has taught

一般时

Subject + will + verb

Example: I will jump or He will jump

进行时

Subject + will + be + verb + ing

Example: I will be  jumping or He will be  teaching

完成时

Subject + will + have + Verb (past participle)

Example: I will have jumped or He will have taught

什么时候需要改变时态?为什么要改变时态?

一般时
  1. 给出事实信息或者你认为这件事是真实的——James teaches very well!!
  2. 重复性发生的动作和习惯——James teaches me English every Monday
  3. 形容不会发生变化的事物——He looks like his mother.
  4. 3rd 时间表——The train leaves at 8pm
一般时
  1. Describes something that happened in the past that is finished. – I went to Heihe for Chinese New Year
进行时
  1. Describe actions that weren’t finished that happened over a period of time in the past. – Last month, I was trying to get a new job.
  2. Describe actions that were changing in the past – Last year, the world was still coming out of recession.
完成时
  1. Describes something that started in the past, refers further back to the past and then continues up to the first point in the past – In 2010, I have lived in China for five years.
一般时
  1. Describes predictions – It will be a nice day tomorrow
  2. Describes the desire or willingness to do something – George says he will help us
进行时
  1. Describes plans and intentions – I will be driving to work today
  2. to indicate that a longer action in the future will be interrupted by a shorter action in the future – I will be waiting for you when your bus arrives
完成时
  1. Expresses the idea that something will occur before another action in the future. It can also show that something will happen before a specific time in the future.

“to be”和“to have”的时态变化

 

To be – (现在时)

To be (过去时)

 

单数

复数

单数

复数

1st 人称

I

am

We

are

I

was

We

were

2nd 人称

You

are

You

are

You

were

You

were

3rd 人称

He/she/it

is

They

are

He/she/it

were

They

were

 

To have – (现在时)

To have (过去时)

 

单数

复数

单数

复数

1st 人称

I

have

We

have

I

had

We

had

2nd 人称

You

have

You

have

You

had

You

had

3rd 人称

He/she/it

has

They

have

He/she/it

had

They

had

时态的时间线

一般时

Timelines - Simple

进行时

Timelines - Continuous

完成时

Timelines - Perfect